Living and Working in United Kingdom

Working in the UK

Working conditions in the UK

The UK has a highly regulated and employee-friendly working environment. The standard working week is 37 to 40 hours, usually from 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday, although flexible and part-time arrangements are common. Employees are entitled to 28 days paid annual leave, which includes bank holidays, and part-time employees receive a pro rata entitlement.

Labour laws in the UK ensure fair wages, workplace safety and job security, making the country one of the most attractive for expats seeking professional growth. The National Minimum Wage guarantees a fair wage, with rates depending on age and position. For people over the age of 23, the national minimum wage is £10.42 per hour (2024).

The UK work culture values punctuality, professionalism and innovation. Many workplaces are committed to diversity and inclusion and there are a number of policies in place to support work-life balance. Industries such as technology, finance and healthcare are at the forefront of adopting remote working and flexible working hours, giving employees greater autonomy.

Job opportunities in the UK

As one of the world’s largest economies, the UK offers a diversity of job opportunities across a range of industries. Expats can find work in key sectors such as finance, technology, healthcare, education and hospitality. London remains the epicentre of economic activity, while cities such as Manchester, Edinburgh and Birmingham offer growing opportunities in various fields.

Finance and banking

The financial sector is one of the UK’s strongest, with London acting as a global financial centre. Investment banking, risk management and fintech professionals are in high demand, with companies such as HSBC, Barclays and Lloyds Banking Group offering lucrative positions .

Technology and IT

The technology industry is booming, with jobs in software development, artificial intelligence, data science and cybersecurity in high demand. Cities such as London, Cambridge and Manchester host a number of tech companies and start-ups, making the UK one of the top destinations for IT professionals.

Healthcare services

The National Health Service (NHS ) is one of the largest employers in the UK, constantly recruiting doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Private healthcare organisations also offer opportunities for expatriates with medical qualifications.

Education sector

The UK’s education sector includes prestigious universities, international schools and language academies. There are plenty of opportunities for qualified professionals to teach English, particularly at private institutions.

Hospitality and tourism

The UK has a thriving tourism industry and there are a number of hospitality and customer service roles available, particularly in cities such as London, Bath and York, as well as in scenic regions such as the Lake District and Cornwall.

Networking is essential for job hunting in the UK. Platforms such as LinkedIn, local recruitment agencies and job boards such as Indeed.co.uk and Totaljobs.com are excellent resources.

Salaries in the UK

Salaries in the UK vary significantly depending on industry, location and experience level. The average gross salary is around £33,000 (€38,000) per year, although professionals in high-demand sectors can earn significantly more:

• IT professionals and engineers: £40,000 to £80,000 (€45,000-90,000) a year
• Finance and consultancy: £50,000 to £120,000 (€58,000-140,000)
• Healthcare (doctors, nurses): £30,000 to £100,000 (€35,000 to €115,000)
• Customer service and retail: £20,000 to £30,000 (€23,000 to €35,000)

Although salaries in London tend to be higher, so is the cost of living. Many expats choose cities like Manchester, Birmingham or Glasgow for a more affordable lifestyle and competitive salaries.

Income tax in the UK

The UK has a progressive income tax system with tax rates ranging from 20% to 45% based on income brackets. In addition, employees must pay National Insurance contributions (12% for most employees), which fund healthcare, pensions and unemployment benefits.

The tax rates for 2024/25 are

• 20% for income up to £50,270
• 40% for income between £50,271 and £125,140
• 45% for income above £125,140

Foreigners working in the UK must obtain a National Insurance Number (NIN ) and can take advantage of double taxation treaties to avoid being taxed both in the UK and in their home country.

Work culture in the UK

The work culture in the UK values professionalism, efficiency and work-life balance. Teamwork and innovation are strongly encouraged and many workplaces promote an inclusive culture. Socialising with colleagues, whether over coffee or at after-work gatherings, is common and helps build strong professional relationships.

Flexible working arrangements are becoming increasingly popular, particularly in industries such as technology, media and education. Expats will find that the UK workplace is adaptable and open to different perspectives.